Dynamic and Critical Business Environment

Question: Talk about the Dynamic and Critical Business Environment. Answer: Introducion The associations are confronting different basic difficulties to change with dynamic and basic business condition of New Zealand. To oblige with the current condition the organizations should initially attempt to break down and get to the difficulties; the ones which are viewed as significant as per Chief Executives perspective. The sentiments and perspectives on Chief Executives of different presumed and driving open segments, private areas and non-benefit associations ought to be thought of and further various ramifications ought to be identified so the Human Resource Managers with assistance of their skilled staff can work upon it so as to confront the current and up and coming difficulties. The diary gave is attempting to pass on a similar message. All through the whole diary there are different investigates examined on qualities just as the shortcomings of the article. Theory Statement The explanation which for the most part discusses the focal thought of the subject in a reasonable way is typically named as proposition articulation. Essentially the plan of the article is characterized all through the article as it features the intention of the article. (Purdue University, 2016). The creator in the wake of investigating and deciding different difficulties in New Zealand business showcase and further considering the Chief Executives perspective attempts to recognize and make sense of the issues .These issue was later taken care of by senior HR directors. The article here explicitly discusses an overview which was directed on CEO's perspectives on first class multinationals on the current economic situation of New Zealand. Their proposition was mulled over so as to dispose of the issues which were looked by different businesses having a place with a specific division. Consequently, in setting to the section the creator is attempting to recognize the essential issues so he can grow better thoughts which will enable the human asset to group to upgrade and train the representatives with certain administrative aptitudes so as to support them in the current testing business condition just as it will likewise help in spanning the inner and outside limits. On the off chance that one experiences the whole article, at that point the individual can comprehend that the theory explanation is pertinent with the writers approach towards basic difficulties just as the administrative issues are likewise taken consideration after the directed review and gathered outcomes. Shortcoming and Strength: Quality lies on the title of which gives a reasonable plan to the perusers about what the creator is attempting to pass on in rest of the sections. It is extremely clear in the wake of perusing the article's title that the top association's perspective will be considered to decide the difficulties in the current situation which will additionally assist with exitting the administrative issue in the ventures. There are various investigates done on the situation of business all through the nation and the issues related with them are additionally thought about. The different issues looked by the scientists are fabricating identified with profitability, abilities of the board and investigation done on the aptitudes of the board. (Green et al., 2011). Be that as it may, there is an enormous hole lies in the exploration because of which the writer in article is attempting to discover another route so as to address difficulties. These are fundamentally done by thinking about the CEO's perspectives and grow new plans to deal with the administrative ramifications. (Floyd Fowler, 2009). Since the holes are recognized after long examination by the two notable creators (Randolf, 2009). The creators have directed the examination based on a specific report. The quality of the article lies on the headings and sub headings gave by the writer which further confirms that the article is credible, right, sorted out and structured in a coherent way. In the underlying passages of the article New Zealand's present business situation is talked about and later on in writing survey segment the executives abilities review is examined in a brief and precise way. In the last passages a point by point depiction of system is given which is additionally starting and portraying the reason for the overview led. The creators have featured the consequences of every single division in a definite way with the assistance of legitimate graphical insights this additionally shows their key discoveries. Discoveries are principally managing the suggestions on the abilities of the administration and further it is done with a consistent consummation. (Metcalfe, 2002). References gives light to the article and takes its quality to next level as here the writers have refered to all the significant focuses and sources utilized in the exploration .This is likewise invigorating the article. References for the most part are joined with on the web and disconnected sources.(Jones, 2001). There are a few references gave in the article which are old. My Openions: The article was set up with the expectation to help the individuals working inside Human Resource Department in driving and presumed associations. The concerned office can be of any modern segment. The writers have composed this article with a primary plan of leading an overview and further to sum up the whole examination directed by them. In this specific article the writers have utilized different terms identified with the board capacities however these terms are not characterized all through the passages which portray shortcoming in this article(Cahan, 2003). The data gave all through the article is identified with perspectives of the CEOs on the difficulties of business condition and dependent on their point of view the writers have created results with great methodologies. An unmistakable separation is accommodated benefit and non benefit associations and even their outcomes are additionally delineated in discrete way. This distinction was kept up by the creators as the non benefit associations are not benefit situated. In an unmistakable way the focal contentions are given pragmatic circumstances and even the arrangement gave is identified with handy situation (Lislie, 2011). Investigation is done on solid confirmations so as to offer help to the end and contention. When there is a perplexing situation made in the market because of changing advertising situation and advancements then partners comes into salvage for the associations they are commonly considered as primary funders of that specific organization; and yet the assistance gave by them is additionally contingent. The writers have attempted their best to convey the style of the article positively so the crowd don't confront any issue further to get their views.(Helfat Martin, 2014). There is a successful outline of thoughts and perspectives on basic focuses referenced in the article yet at similar writers give a wide scope of issues along these lines the peruser may neglect to concentrate on the basic ones. Essentially this contextual analysis that led with sees that will positively affect the HR experts in addition the whole overview depended on the direct appraisal and essential assembled information. The execution was finished by the creating bunch aptitude which additionally helped in keeping up the hierarchical chain of importance. There was no productive and better result got dependent on examines done on the New Zealand government consequently this specific case is finished with another rationale; the examinations are pretty much dependent on social affair the CEOs perspectives and afterward executing them in basic business market of New Zealand. The universal division of worldwide business and the board had invested amounts of energy to do the field concentrate as well and set up the procedure so as to confront the up and coming difficulties in the serious market. A solid, devoted and skilled administration can't be built up with assistance of Findings. This case is approving an d confirming the study of High level specialists which is worried about the modern development factor. References are typically assembled from diaries and scholarly assets. Xlen Zoland is an association which is from another area and an exploration is directed on this association quickly. The nonappearance of administrative capacity subject shows that the case isn't having enough quality. The case is pretty much concentrating on the CEOs see focuses and other significant variables like open and private segments are additionally taken consideration independently and their development is appeared with legitimate factual information. Private areas are committed with creating gigantic measure of benefit though non benefit associations are truly not concentrated towards benefit. The information introduced here demonstrates the whole modern development and yet the executives isn't talked about here which is another negative purpose of this undertaking. (Lislie, 2011) End The article gives a short outline on the writer's exploration. The creators with their examination and investigation have validated the perspectives on Chief Executives and further they recognized the holes in them. By utilizing the accompanying system any industry can address the difficulties of the basic market in New Zealand separated from that there were different focuses identified with benefit and non benefit association talked about in detail; so as to cause the crowd to comprehend the whole data in a superior manner. The accompanying article was planned with a plan to give a subjective and quantitative examination. It fundamentally focussed on the key difficulties related with the New Zealand market and a few proposals to defeat the accompanying issue. This was independently done by introducing the perspectives of driving associations Chief Executives. References Cahan, J., 2003. Smaller than expected talk on composing an investigate successful acade. [Online] Available at: https://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/b/j/bjj6/ENGL015-2001Critique.html [Accessed 22 September 2016]. Floyd, J. Fowler, J., 2009. Overview Research Methods. fourth ed. Nashville: SAGE. Green, R.R. et al., 2011. The board matters in

Reasons for Attending College or University Essay

Numerous individuals go to schools and colleges everywhere throughout the world to study and direct research. What are their desires for the scholarly experience? As I would see it, individuals engaged with university programs have two principle purposes: to pick up the encounters and endorsements that set them up for future professions and to build their insight about various parts of life. Numerous individuals want stable professions that profoundly influence their lives. Accordingly, great groundwork for a future vocation is a need. To keep up and advance your situation at an organization, particularly in specific sorts of occupations, you should have the information and encounters that originate from going to a school or college. The aptitudes, soul, and certainty you gain from reading help prepare you for your work. Besides, it is simpler to get a decent line of work when you have qualified authentications. Some knowledgeable individuals can complete their errands easily and deliberately with more streamlining of time and quality than individuals who deal with their work by gaining from their disappointments. Another bit of leeway of going to a school or college is the connections you work with others. These connections assist you with developing yourself. In a university domain, you figure out how to work in gatherings and how to help out your accomplices. You likewise figure out how to accomplish common understanding, a basic and valuable ability in your future work. The second explanation behind going to a school or college, expanding information about numerous parts of life, may appear to be somewhat unrealistic, however it is, truth be told, down to earth. A few people have the misguided judgment that concentrating in school gives them just information relating straightforwardly to their major and that getting authentications is the most significant reason for going to school. In view of those objectives, they regularly disregard subjects that don’t appear to be material to their work. In any case, information from school isn't only valuable for your activity; it additionally is helpful for some different things throughout everyday life. For instance, individuals with essential information about writing, history, workmanship, brain research, and so on might make the most of their lives more than unlearned individuals. They additionally may defeat troubles and stress all the more effectively, just as have a satisfactory and hopeful disposition toward obstructions and disappointments in their lives. Moreover, developed individuals may treat others in their networks with more respect. Nothing you concentrate in school is pointless, and expanding information is as significant as getting declarations. The more information you have, the more wonderful your life is. As a rule, it’s consistently important to have decent training. Notwithstanding getting the suitable authentications, going to a school or college gives you an extraordinary chance to find out about a wide range of things on both plainly visible and tiny levels. While the particular reasons individuals go to schools and colleges may contrast, the principal intentions are the equivalent: they need to acquire the vital preparing and training for their future professions and they need to find out about a wide range of subjects that will apply to their lives outside their future vocations. Accordingly, each and every individual who decides to go to a school or college ought to consistently endeavor to arrive at their objectives and yearnings. This area contains 509 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words for each page)| |.

5 Tactics To Help E-Commerce Businesses Avoid Fraud

5 Tactics To Help E-Commerce Businesses Avoid Fraud Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Tactics To Help E-Commerce Businesses Avoid FraudUpdated On 19/02/2020Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : eCommerceShort URL : https://hbb.me/2jbhjOU CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEven if you don’t know exactly what it means, the word “fraud” just sounds menacing. The truth is, last year alone, fraud cost online retailers an astounding 1.47 percent of their annual revenue, which amounted to more than $5 billion. For every dollar stolen through fraud, merchants must spend at least $3 to recover afterwards, and as fraud continues to increase, e-commerce businesses stand to lose billions more in the coming years.Fortunately, there is much you can do to stop fraud from defeating your online business. The following tactics should drastically decrease the risk of fraud, keeping you and your customers safer.PCI ComplianceIn 2006, the Payment Card Industry Security Standa rds Council was launched with the intent to monitor and improve security standards for payment accounts throughout the transaction process. As a result, the group created the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit payment card information do so safely and securely.It should go without saying that understanding and adhering to PCI compliance rules will help prevent your business and customers from becoming victims of fraud. However, it is equally important that you partner with merchant services providers that uphold the same levels of compliance, so your payment data will be safe from start to finish. Vendors of different sizes and styles may have different rules and regulations, so it is important that you review the PCI DSS before executing your fraud prevention plan.Automated Transactional Risk ScoringAuthentic and fraudulent dealings look different, but to see the distinctions, you must look c losely at every transaction. However, few e-commerce businesses have the time or manpower to devote to close scrutiny of every purchase. Fortunately, there is another solution: automation.Computers can easily track risky purchasing behaviors to calculate scores that will help you determine the possibility of fraud in every transaction. The scores are created based on a number of data factors, including:Time of orderSale amountType of merchandiseGeolocation of IP addressShipping and billing addressesWith this score in hand, you can decide whether a particular transaction is worth further investigation or possible cancelation. You should develop a threshold for a risk that is sensible for your industry.READFive tricks to run a dropshipping no one tells you about.Categorizing and ResolutionGenerally, a transaction’s risk score should place it in one of two categories: accepted or rejected. Eventually, there may be scores that warrant further investigation, and your automated system s hould be capable of flagging these for manual review. Your automated system should be able to make these calls instantly to ensure your customers receive speedy service ? and to ensure your business never suffers at the hands of fraud. Usually, providers integrate categorizing and resolution in line with the authorization flow, so the process will rarely require intervention on your part.Post-Purchase Transaction ManagementThe purchase is not the beginning, middle, and end of fraud management. To stay thoroughly safe from fraud, you need a system for recording and analyzing the data of fraud, so you may better understand your business’s history with fraud.The best tool for this is a fraud prevention service that offers an interface for this exact purpose. Typically, such dashboards will highlight inconclusive transactions for you to review manually, contain a database with detailed records of past risks and fraud attempts, and offer additional tools for fighting fraud in the long term. Without a specially designed tool, you will have to devote untenable amounts of time and resources to resolving fraudulent chargebacks, so it is worth the effort to find a provider with post-purchase management capabilities.Adjustments to Rules and ParametersFraud prevention is an ongoing journey; it is a war you must never stop waging. Though you might be tempted to forget about fraud once you purchase and configure the above tools, failing to stay up-to-date on fraud trends and prevention techniques will only make you vulnerable to attack. Criminals’ methods shift quickly, which means you must be willing and able to adjust your system to keep up.Even weeks after you enact your first fraud system, you should review its performance to ensure its rules and parameters are effective. You should enforce a regular schedule for reviewing and maintaining your fraud security measures, so you and your customers will always be safe.

Business Law Analysis of Contract Case Study - 2061 Words

AB107 Business Law Written Assignment Advise whether the terms of the Licence Agreement apply and whether the Exclusion of Liability clause is valid and effective in protecting UcanB007 from liabilities. [pic] The foremost issue pertaining to this case is that of whether the terms of the License Agreement are part of the contract between Ah Siong and UcanB007, and hence the enforceability of the terms should Ah Siong decide to sue UcanB007 in contract for his losses. Due to the nature of this case being that of a shrink-wrap license agreement, there is contention regarding the point in time when the contract was formed, which clearly affects the incorporation of the terms and thus the term’s legal efficacy. Adhering to the key†¦show more content†¦Whether the terms are part of the contract depends if they are incorporated. This brings up the issue of contemporaneity and reasonably sufficient notice. Firstly, following the reasoning earlier, the terms of the agreement (which is attached and specified to be read before the opening of the package, upon which the software licensing contract is formed), would hence be considered to have had notice given before the contract formation. Thus, contemporaneity is satisfied. However secondly, in this case, the steps taken to bring the notice to the attention of the purchaser Ah Siong was not adequate. UcanB007 might claim that by bolding and having the word â€Å"attention† in caps meant to bring the user to notice the agreement, but the notice referring to the terms being printed in inconspicuous font on the envelope, was very much contrary to Lord Denning MR’s statement regarding sufficient notice in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd. Furthermore, the licence agreement is tucked away in the fold of the envelope holding the installation disks. To a reasonable person, the fold of that envelope would not be a place expected to contain contractual terms. It could be disputed that practical considerations prevent vendors from disclosing full legal terms with [/on] their products[4], but it is notable that there were no other reasonable attempts (i.e. on the coverShow MoreRelatedContract Analysis: Case Study1500 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 2: Contract Analysis Case Study 2: Contract Analysis Liberty University Business Law – BUSI561 Betzaida Aponte Abstract In the contract analysis of Case Study 2, we find what looks like a legal and ethical issue at play. This analysis will cover answers to the following questions: 1. What should you do about continuing to do business with Marshall? 2. If you elect to stop doing business with Marshall, what legal causes of action might he bring against your company, what damagesRead MoreUnited States Contract Law Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Contract Law Name Name of the Institution United States Contract Law according to American laws, a contract must have terms that do not only certify an agreement between two parties but can be used to prove its legality some elements that are involved in the contract include offer and acceptance which are the two major elements of any contract between two parties. Central to the formation of a contract is an offer which is accepted by the other party involved in the contract or agreementRead MoreContract Analysis Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Contract Analysis Sophia Jones BUSI 561 July 19, 2015 Carolyn Dragseth Contract Analysis Case Study In this paper an attempted analysis is made to answer the following questions from both a legal and spiritual perspective: What should be done about continuing doing business with Marshall? If you elect to stop doing business with Marshall, what legal causes of action might he bring against your company, what damages or remedies might he seek, and what legal defenses might your company have?Read MoreContract Analysis : Case Analysis1137 Words   |  5 Pages Hope Allen Liberty University BUSI 561 Contract Analysis Contract Analysis Case Study After reviewing the case study pertaining to Marshall Petersen, figuring out the legal perspective of things before or if any acts are taken against me is important. In the professional environment, it is not a good reflection on my company if legal actions are pursued against me under false claims. Trying to meet at a common ground are the first initial steps that I will take with MarshallRead MoreEssay on BUSI561 03 PetersenCaseStudy1263 Words   |  6 Pages The Petersen Case Study David A. Gatti Liberty University Author Note David A. Gatti, SU 15, BUSI 561-Legal Issues in Business (B16), Liberty University. This paper was conducted as a Discussion Board Post assigned by Professor J. Reinke of: Liberty University, Graduate School of Business, Lynchburg, Virginia 24515. Correspondence concerning this project should be addressed to: David A. Gatti, Liberty University, Graduate School of Business, Lynchburg, Virginia 24515Read MoreSample Resume : Breach Of Contract Lawsuit1362 Words   |  6 PagesPeterson Date: 7/26/2015 Re: Breach of Contract Lawsuit Information: This mediation memorandum will discuss the different breaches of contract made by the Muscadine grape producer, with whom I entered into a requirements contract to supply their grapes for my business with a guaranteed price schedule. The fact of the case will be outlined, explanation as to how the contract has been breached, examination of the legal issues of these breaches of contract, requested potential remedies, andRead MoreLaw Case Assignment Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Legal Thinking Case Assignment Three Kristine Turnage Florida State College at Jacksonville Business Law and Ethics BUL 3130 February 22, 2013 Abstract Compensatory damages are intended to provide a plaintiff with the monetary amount necessary to replace what was lost and nothing more. To be awarded compensatory damages, Pat the plaintiff must prove that he has suffered a legally recognizable harm that is compensable by a certain amount of money that can be objectively determinedRead MoreContracts Analysis : Case Studies1516 Words   |  7 PagesContracts Analysis Case Study Abstract The purpose of this case studies is to identify whether business should continue as followed with Mr. Marshall. Or deciding to stop doing business with Mr. Marshall, what legal cause of action might he bring against Joan’s company, what damages or remedies might he seek, and what legal defenses might Joan’s company be faced with. Also, how will this affect Mr. Marshall once Joan stops doing business with him, the potential impact on Mr. Marshall’s continuedRead MoreContract Analysis Case Study Example1025 Words   |  5 PagesContracts Analysis Case Study Abstract I will discuss throughout this case studies: If I should continue doing business with Mr. Marshall. If I decide to stop doing business with Mr. Marshall, what legal causes of action might he bring against my company, what damages or remedies might he seek, and what legal defenses might my company have? Also, how will this affect Mr. Marshall if I stop doing business with him, what are the potential impacts on Marshall’s continued exploration of his faith? WhatRead MoreContract Analysis Case Study : Peterson Vs. Simpson1184 Words   |  5 PagesContract Analysis Case Study: Peterson vs. Simpson This paper will give a brief legal and spiritual analysis of the case of Peterson vs. Simpson. Facts of the Case This is the case of Marshall Peterson, the customer, verses Marcia Simpson, owner and distributor of Fruit Fresh Inc. Fruit Fresh Inc., has been the producer and supplier of Muscadine grapes to Marshall Peterson’s local health food store for 6 months. Fruit Fresh Inc. had a commercial agreement with Marshall Peterson to supply Muscadine

The Role of Value Chain Model Essay - 1817 Words

2 From value chains to value networks and inter firm relationship 2.1 The evolution of the concepts of value chain Porter ´s value chain model shaped our way of understanding and analyzing industries for the past 30 years. It explores the links between the activities to be undertaken in order to commercialize a product in the market and how these activities add value to the final delivery (Peppard and Rylander, 2006). It focus on the value creation processes within the firms, not on the inter firms links in the value chain (Kothandaraman and Wilson, 2001) and how the different links influence the competitiveness of the industries (Peppard and Rylander, 2006). Therefore, this model assumes that the value is created within one single main†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the suppliers in this type of value chain can be replaced at any time, as they do not have strong bonds with the buying firm and provided that another company could perform the same task for a lower price. In this scenario, competition is examined between firms and their outcomes of the productive process and enhance competitiveness has to do with finding the flaws in the value chain in comparison to the competitor and try to fix them, also by changing suppliers. As Peppard and Rylander (2006) state: Strategy becomes primarily from the art of positioning the firm in the right place in the value chain. What matters in this model is the role of each firm individually and the relation between firms is not meant to be long lasting nor considered to be a source of competitive advantage. This relationships are meant to last only until the point where they are beneficial to the main firm, financially wise. With the increasing complexity of markets and products the model developed by Porter is not enough to address the adequate questions and provide tools for facing the challenges of the insertion of firms and value adding process in a growing competition. Also, with the increased importance of the services industries - which includes very complex deliveries as telecommunications, banking, insurance, music, entertainmentShow MoreRelatedDells Value Chain1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe value chain was a concept initially proposed by McKinsey and later developed and made public by Harvard strategy guru Michael Porter. According to Porter, the value chain is defined as the complete flow of products from the suppliers to the customers and management of the information flow in a way that maximizes the consumer satisfaction with the increase in the profit margins of the company. Simply, it includes a series of value-adding activities connecting a company s supply side (raw materialsRead MoreThe Role of the Engineer in the Value Chain1356 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: Report The role of the Engineer in the Value Chain Introduction In recent years, the requirements of commercial and industrial operations in the production of services and goods have been subject to vast changes. In the present era of globalization and increasing international competition, a trend away from vertically integrated organizations has become more and more evident. In fact, most companies nowadays tend to solely concentrate on their own core competencies, outsourcingRead MoreThe Biofuel And Biomass Industry1540 Words   |  7 Pagesfossil fuels. As the non-renewable energy is being replaced by the renewable energy, new initiatives are proposed for the continuous development of supply chain network for biofuel energy. The main aim is to determine the optimal model of supply chain for the biofuel industry, operations of biofuel supply chain, and also design a reliable supply chain network for the biofuel and biomass industries. Multiple papers have been discussed in considering various challenges present in the biofuel productionRead Mo reValue Chain Analysis And Analysis1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss and explore the value chain analysis and the internal analysis in the strategic management. The focus of this report is to study the value chain analysis in detail along with the advantages and disadvantage of the value chain analysis. Also, the internal analysis is also discussed along with its pros and cons and the SWOT analysis of Next Plc. This report also discusses the way in which organizational resources are mixed to develop company’s abilities, Value Chain Analysis Keane (2008) statedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Drones On Logistics Operation1438 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes packing slips, bills of lading, and invoices to support the order. b) I. The organization of the company must be analyzed and then determine how many what measurements are important in achieving perfect order fulfillment in the supply chain operations. II. I will make a perfect order implementation checklist depending upon over 200 global suppliers and sell over 3000 different retail stores. III. The checklist to achieve perfect order fulfillment can be prepared by considering the followingRead MoreEssay on Supply Management and Value Added Processess1472 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantages on the market, but also to create additional value. Research has shown that the perception of impact of supply chains on the results of businesses will grow in the future, taking a more prominent role in company structures over time. According to research conducted by Monczk (2010), there is a strong indication that top level managers will be included in the supply chain much more in the future, mainly in the form of adding value through supply than in cost reductions. Top companies areRead MoreValue Chain Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do.   Costco’s major competitorsRead MoreInformation Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com684 Words   |  3 PagesSupply Chain Management in Amazon.com Introduction The most critical component of the Amazon.com business model is the efficient, profitable performance of its supply chain. For online retailers who compete in high velocity sales environments, the ability to orchestrate suppliers across a very broad supply chain is critical for their continual profitable operation and growth (Albors-Garrigà ³s, Hervas-Oliver, Mà ¡rquez, 2009). Integral to this aspect of Amazons business model is the role of InformationRead MoreThe Case Of Federal Express Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pageshas played an important role in the small package express delivery industry through the establishment of a system that contribute to the realization of next-day delivery of small package airfreight that weighs less than 70 lbs. The company has also been instrumental in the development of the use of standard packaging with a weight that exceeds 70 lbs. This role has contributed to FedEx’s value creation, product differentiation, and effectiveness of existing business model. Brief History of the FedExRead MoreThe Strategic Management of Starbucks962 Words   |  4 Pagestechnologies are making the Starbucks value chain more demand-driven and customer-focused than it has ever been. Starbucks is unique in that its new product development pipeline is perpetual; it continues between northern and southern hemispheres continually, fuelling new drinks and food products (Starbucks Investor Relations, 2012). Globalization continues to be both a strong catalyst of continued process- and product-based innovation across each area of their supply chain and into their retail stores.

Adware - 1371 Words

Caleb Olumuyiwa N/T 2580 Introduction To Information Security Week 2 A ssigment Define Key Terms. Adware | A software program that collects infor- mation about Internet usage and uses it to present targeted advertisements to users. Asset | Any item that has value to an organization or a person. Attack | An attempt to exploit a vulnerability of a computer or network component Backdoor | An undocumented and often unauthor- ized access method to a computer resource that bypasses normal access controls. Black-hat hacker | A computer attacker who tries to break IT security for the challenge and to prove technical prowess. Cookie | A text file sent from a Web site to a Web browser to store for later use. Cookies contain details gleaned†¦show more content†¦Phreaking | The act of studying, experimenting with, or exploring telephone systems, telephone company equipment, and systems connected to public telephone networks. . Pop-up | A type of window that appears on top of the browser window. Pop-ups generally contain ads. Although pop-ups are not strictly adware, many adware programs use them to interact with users. Replay attack | An attack in which the attacker captures data packets from a network and retrans- mits them to produce an unauthorized effect Rootkit | A type of malware that modifies or replaces one or more existing programs to hide the fact that a computer has been compromised. script kiddie | A person with little or no computer- attack skills. Script kiddies simply follow directions or use a cookbook approach without fully under- standing the meaning of the steps they are performing. security breach | Any event that results in a violation of any of the A-I-C security tenets. session hijacking | A network attack in which the attacker attempts to take over an existing connection between two network computers. smurfing | A DoS attack that uses a directed broad- cast to create a flood of network traffic for the victim computer sniffer | An application that captures traffic as it travels across a network spam | Unwanted e-mail or instant messages spear phishing | An e-mail or instant-m essageShow MoreRelatedCyber Attacks : A Huge Problem For Online Communities1231 Words   |  5 Pagesrequire the user to activate them, worms do not require execution, and can begin infecting a computer on their own. Also, unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves onto a file, or a program. Spyware and Adware The two final types of malware, are known as spyware, and adware. Spyware is the term used to describe programs or software that perform certain commands, or behaviours without asking for the consent first. Some of the things spyware is able to do, without the user s knowledgeRead More Security And Privacy On The Internet Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesviruses, and worms arent bad enough. Adware and spyware are here to sap the remaining life out of your productivity and privacy, says Microsofts expert Jerry Honeycutt (2004, April 20). Adware is software that tracks your surfing habits, and displays targeted pop-up advertisements on your computer based on Web sites visited or search terms used. Pop-ups are the advertisements that appear in separate browser windows while you are surfing the Web. In some cases, adware can also modify the settings onRead MoreThreats Facing The Server, Workstations, And Website1512 Words   |  7 Pagesserious threat to data integrity and business infr astructure. Viruses have the ability to slow down, or even destroy data on systems. Worms are a self replicating malicious software that are often designed with particular tasks or goals. Spyware or adware will often provide annoying pop ups, or attempts to get the end user to buy a product. The investigation firm is suffering from a slowdown of the network, and reported pop ups even when users are not actively on the internet. While the computers areRead MoreThe Problems Of Digital Assaults1976 Words   |  8 Pagesdesign) have been normally used to allude to the conventional dangers postured by toxicities, Trojans, and worms. In the sequence of the most recent couple of years, the dangers presented by various different sorts of projects, including spyware and adware, have been constantly expanding. Spyware missions can quickly appear quickly, commandeer program sessions, divert programs to choose aim at locales or aggregate following data on client skimming propensities. They can make use of a client s PC assetsRead MoreAdware versus Spyware Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesAdware and Spyware - whats the difference? There seems to be a lot of confusion about what the difference is between adware and spyware. Lets set the record straight with a brief description of what each one is. Adware Any software application that has the ability to display advertisements on your computer. Some adware may track your Web surfing habits. These advertisements may be displayed in many forms, including, but not limited to, pop-up, pop-under, and banner advertisements. Adware mayRead MoreMalware Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages The more significant problem on Macs nowadays? Topping the list are adware and PUPs (Potentially Unwanted Programs). While those two have only become a real issue for Macs in 2013, they’ve been multiplying at an alarming rate since. Nowadays, it’s common to see Mac computers plagued by browser hijackers and annoying adware. Both often come bundled with free software or shareware you install in your machine. Annoying Adware and PUPs Free programs and utilities downloaded from the Internet mayRead MoreMalware And Its Effects On Computers1029 Words   |  5 Pagesinto opening an email attachment (Andrews, 900). Other types of common malware include Spyware, Adware, and keyloggers. Spyware spies on computers to collect personal information about users that it transmits over the Internet to web-hosting sites (Andrews, 900). Adware is software that automatically produces advertisements and pop-up ads. Adware and spyware are usually associated with one another. If adware or spyware is discovered on a computer, most likely both are present. Keyloggers can be quiteRead MoreTomorrow And Tomorrow Or The Terror Dream Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform from which we judge, objectify and abuse women. A broad example of this was when Dominic met Waverley’s secretary, and one of the first things his Adware does is pop up with pictures and video clips of her as a cheerleader in noted tight, little spandex, which is commonly associated with sex appeal and the objectification of women. The Adware here makes the sexual objectification and oppression immediate and readily available, because it i s programmed to display it all for you. It makes it almostRead MoreThe Definitions Of Malware And Malware1462 Words   |  6 Pagesare the greets dangers to personal security. †¢ Adware. Adware is a type of softwares that continuously displays add in a manner that an user is annoyed and subscribed to unnecessary things. This is very unexpected and unwanted. Many of the adware also contain spyware, which track the user data. 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Ethical Approach Sample Essay Example For Students

Ethical Approach Sample Essay Four Ethical Approaches- By Buie Seawell. Daniels College of Business. University of Denver There are many ways to specify â€Å"ethics. † about every bit many as there are ethicians. For our intents. let’s usage this definition: Ethical motives is the subject and pattern of using value to human behaviour ( every bit good as to the concepts of human civilization peculiarly to morality. imposts and Torahs ) ensuing in meaningfulness. From the earliest minutes of recorded human consciousness. the ethical subject has exhibited four cardinal â€Å"approaches† These four attacks are frequently called â€Å"ethical decision-making models: † Utilitarian Ethics ( outcome based ) . Deontological Ethical motives ( responsibility based ) . Virtue Ethics ( virtue based ) and Communitarian Ethical motives ( community based ) . Each has a typical point of going every bit good as typical ways of making the cardinal ethical undertaking of raising and replying inquiries of value. It is besides of import to understand that all four attacks have both convergences and common elements. Some of the â€Å"common elements† of all four attacks are the undermentioned:  · Impartiality: weighting involvements every bit  · Rationality: backed by grounds a rational individual would accept  · Consistency: criterions applied likewise to similar instances  · Reversibility: criterions that apply no affair who â€Å"makes† the regulations These are. in a sense. the regulations of the â€Å"ethics game† . no affair which school or attack to ethics one feels the closest individuality. The Utilitarian attack is possibly the most familiar and easiest to understand of all the four attacks to moralss. Whether we think about it or non. most of us are making useful moralss a much of the clip. particularly those of us in concern. The Utilitarians asks a really of import inquiry: â€Å"How will my actions affect others? † And they go on to try to â€Å"quantify† the impact of their actions based on some â€Å"least common denominator. † like felicity. pleasance. or wealth. Therefore. Utilitarians are besides called â€Å"c onsequentalists† because they look to the effects of their actions to find whether any peculiar act is right or incorrect. â€Å"The greatest good for the greatest number† is the Utilitarian slogan. Of class. specifying â€Å"good† has been no easy undertaking. and what some people think of every bit good. others think of as worthless. When a bourgeois does a â€Å"cost benefit analysis. † he/she is making Utilitarian moralss. The least common denominator is normally money. Everything from the cost of steel to the cost of a human life must be given a dollar value. and so one â€Å"just does the math. † The Ford Pinto was a merchandise of merely such concluding 30 old ages ago at the Ford Motor Company. Repairing the gas-tank job Ford reasoned would be more than human lives were deserving. Stuff ( like rear-end accidents ) happens. Folks dice. The most familiar usage of â€Å"outcome based reasoning† is in legislative commissions in representative democracies. How many components will profit from a revenue enhancement recognition vs. how many will be diminished is the inquiry before the Revenue Committee at revenue enhancement rectification clip. Representative democracies depend on most determinations being decided on the greatest good for the greatest figure. Democratic authoritiess are of course majoritarian. But in constitutional democracies there are some things that can non be decided by â€Å"doing the math† . i. e. adding up the ballots. Some inquiries should non even be voted on. The laminitiss of our state expressed this cardinal construct with three words: certain inalienable rights. Enter the Deontological Ethicists. Immanuel Kant is the quintessential deontological ( responsibility based ) ethical theoretician. Kant. who lived in eighteenth Century Prussia ( 1724-1804 ) . was one of the most astonishing minds of all clip. composing books on uranology. doctrine. political relations and moralss. He one time said. â€Å"Two things fill the head with of all time new and increasing esteem and awe. . . the starry heavens above and the moral jurisprudence within. † For Kant there were some truths as ageless as the stars. â€Å"Deontological† merely means the survey ( or scientific discipline ) of responsibility. Kant did non believe that worlds could foretell â€Å"outcomes† ( future effects ) with any significant grade of certainty. Ethical theory based on a â€Å"guess† about future effects appalled him. What he did believe was that if we used our alone ( alone among the higher animate beings ) installation of ground. we could find with c ertainty our ethical responsibility. but whether or non making our responsibility would do things better or worse ( and for whom ) . he was agnostic. Duty-based moralss is tremendously of import for. though systematically ignored by. at least two sorts of folks: politicians and concern people. It is besides the key to understanding better our duties as members of squads. Teams ( like workgroups or political run commissions ) are narrowly focused on accomplishing really clearly defined ends: winning the election. successfully presenting a new merchandise. or winning a sailing boat race. Sometimes a manager or a foreman will state. â€Å"Look. merely do whatever it takes. † Ethically. â€Å"whatever it takes† means the terminals justify the agency. This was Kant’s cardinal unfavorable judgment of the Utilitarians. For Kant. there were some values ( responsibilities ) that could neer be sacrificed to the â€Å"greater good. † â€Å"So act† . he wrote. â€Å"as to handle humanity. whether in thine ain individual or in that of any other. in every instance as an terminal withal. neer as a means merely . † Fellow squad members. employees. run staffs. clients. spouses. file: ///C|/Documents and Settings/kobrien/My Documents/4100/ethical_frameworks/Ethical Approaches. htm ( 2 of 6 ) 9/22/2004 7:54:09 AM etc. are ever to some extent â€Å"means† to our assorted ends ( terminals ) . but they are besides individuals. And individuals. Kant believed. can non be â€Å"just used. † they must besides be respected in their ain right whether or non the end is achieved. Alcohol Abuse EssayAll three of the attacks to moralss described above are chiefly focused on the person: the remarkable scruples. rationally reflecting on the significance of responsibility or duty. and in the instance of Virtue Ethics. the ethical jock practicing and instilling the capacity to carry through that responsibility. Communitarian Ethics has a rather different point of going. non the person. but instead the community ( or squad. or group. or company. or civilization ) within which the person topographic points him/herself is the critical context of ethical decision-making. The Communitarian asks the of import inquiry. â€Å"What are the demands ( responsibilities ) that the community ( Internet Explorers ) of which I am a portion brand on me? † The Scots ethicians W. D. Ross ( himself a pupil of Aristotle ) focused his ain ethical Hagiographas on the inquiry of. â€Å"Where make responsibilities come from? † And his reply was that they come from relations hips. We know our responsibilities toward our fellow human existences by the nature and quality of our relationships with them. The responsibility we owe a co-worker in the workplace is different from the responsibilities we owe a partner. and those responsibilities different from the responsibilities we owe our state. The Communitarian asks us non merely to look within to understand how values should be applied to human behavior. but to look out. and to confront up to the responsibilities of being a animal for whom societal interactions are unequivocal. We define ourselves and our duties by the company we keep. Communitarians are rather critical today of the attitude of so many in our society who while adamant about their single rights are negligent of their societal responsibilities. The â€Å"me. me. me generation† has given rise to a new strain of ethicians who insist that from household and vicinity to state and planetary ecosystem. the communities in which we live require of us significant duties. Environmentalists. vicinity militants. womens rightists. globalists are some of the groups slackly identified today with the Communitarian Movement. Amitai Etzioni ( Spirit of Community: Rights. Duties and the Communitarian Agenda. Crown Publishing 1993 ) is a taking interpreter for this slig htly disorganised â€Å"movement. † Etizioni’s thesis is that we need to pay more attending to common responsibilities as opposed to single rights. Our vicinities. he believes. can be safe once more from offense. without turning our state into a constabulary province. Our households can boom once more without coercing adult females to remain place and otherwise go againsting their rights. Our schools can supply â€Å"essential moral education† without indoctrinating immature people or go againsting the First Amendment’s prohibition of â€Å"establishing faith. † The key to this societal transmutation the communitarian believes is the reconciliation of rights and duties: â€Å"Strong rights presume strong duties. † In a long. but individual sentence. Etzioni states the Communitarian Agenda: Correcting the current instability between rights and duties requires a for-point docket: a moratorium on the minting of most. if non all. new rights ; restoring the nexus between rights and duties ; acknowledging that some duties do non imply rights ; and. most carefully. seting some rights to the changed fortunes. Here. if nil else. is a frontal onslaught on the Libertarian mentality of our age. But Communitarianism is non new. at least if one defines it as an attack to moralss and value citing important communities of significance. Most of the world’s great faiths — clearly Judaism and Christianity — are in this sense â€Å"communitarian. † It is the â€Å"community of faith† out of which the faithful individual develops a sense of ego and duty. Ethical motives can non be separated from the ethos of the spiritual community. The new communitarian — the womens rightist. the conservationist. the vicinity rights advocate — may or may non be sacredly inclined. but each is clearly a portion of a tradition of ethical attack every bit old as clip. In the context of squads. the communitarian attack to ethics has much to commend itself. How much of your ain personal docket are you willing to give for the overall end of winning a sailing boat race? Under what conditions are you willing to allow the values or civilization ( spirit? ) of the squad alter your ain ethical dispositions? To what extent do the relationships you have with squad members give rise to responsibilities that you are willing to honour? How willing are you to portion the recognition when the squad succeeds? How willing are you to accept the incrimination when the squad looses? Under what conditions would you interrupt with the squad? All of the above are inquiries asked by communitarians. If Ross is right ( and I suspect he is to a greater extent than most of us are willing to acknowledge ) that duties come from relationships. paying attending to the â€Å"company we keep† may be more than a societal duty. It is possibly our ethical responsibility.

Effect of Oil Prices on Different Countries GDP

How and When to Use Uniform Distribution

How and When to Use Uniform Distribution There are a number of different probability distributions. Each of these distributions has a specific application and use that is appropriate to a particular setting. These distributions range from the ever-familiar bell curve (aka a normal distribution) to lesser-known distributions, such as the gamma distribution. Most distributions involve a complicated density curve, but there are some that do not. One of the simplest density curves is for a uniform probability distribution. Features of the Uniform Distribution The uniform distribution gets its name from the fact that the probabilities for all outcomes are the same. Unlike a normal distribution with a hump in the middle or a chi-square distribution, a uniform distribution has no mode. Instead, every outcome is equally likely to occur. Unlike a chi-square distribution, there is no skewness to a uniform distribution. As a result, the mean and median coincide. Since every outcome in a uniform distribution occurs with the same relative frequency, the resulting shape of the distribution is that of a rectangle. Uniform Distribution for Discrete Random Variables Any situation in which every outcome in a sample space is equally likely will use a uniform distribution. One example of this in a discrete case is rolling a single standard die. There are a total of six sides of the die, and each side has the same probability of being rolled face up. The probability histogram for this distribution is rectangular shaped, with six bars that each have a height of 1/6. Uniform Distribution for Continuous Random Variables For an example of a uniform distribution in a continuous setting, consider an idealized random number generator. This will truly generate a random number from a specified range of values. So if it is specified that the generator is to produce a random number between 1 and 4, then 3.25, 3, e, 2.222222, 3.4545456 and pi are all possible numbers that are equally likely to be produced. Since the total area enclosed by a density curve must be 1, which corresponds to 100 percent, it is straightforward to determine the density curve for our random number generator. If the number is from the range a to b, then this corresponds to an interval of length b - a. In order to have an area of one, the height would have to be 1/(b - a). For example, for a random number generated from 1 to 4, the height of the density curve would be 1/3. Probabilities With a Uniform Density Curve It is important to remember that the height of a curve does not directly indicate the probability of an outcome. Rather, as with any density curve, probabilities are determined by the areas under the curve. Since a uniform distribution is shaped like a rectangle, the probabilities are very easy to determine. Rather than using calculus to find the area under a curve, simply use some basic geometry. Remember that the area of a rectangle is its base multiplied by its height. Return to the same example from earlier. In this example, X is a random number generated between the values 1 and 4. The probability that X is between 1 and 3 is 2/3 because this constitutes the area under the curve between 1 and 3.

Empowerment and Goal Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Empowerment and Goal Setting - Essay Example It is management's responsibility to create an environment in which that knowledge is brought out and used for the benefit of the people and the organisation. An employee's ability to solve problems, make decisions and take actions based on those decisions, management has often encouraged the first two but has failed to allow the third. (Holbeche 2004, p.60). Three organisations utilising the empowerment process are Delphi Packard (Delphi), Virgin Mobile and Ritz Carlton Hotels, all three organisations are applying the process differently and with differing results. Delphi is applying empowerment as stated in the Holbeche quote from a management perspective, the lead engineer responsible for the day to day engineering management of the Ford Transit Project, has been empowered to request overtime for contractors and permanent staff. The necessity for it and the amount of time required needs to be agreed by senior management. The lead engineer also has the responsibility for giving appraisals and assigning staff responsibilities. All of which merely removes some of the repetitive tasks from the HR department. In opposition the junior staff at Delphi have been given more empowerment as an engineer can act on his decision to make changes to the system without the need to consult the lead engineer.

Management accounting and control (s-12 -1-4)) Coursework

Management accounting and control (s-12 -1-4)) - Coursework Example In this control model, there are several actions that ought to be subjected to control as argued by Otley and Berry (1980). In their argument, the authors point out four conditions of control. i. Existence of clear organisation’s objectives ii. The outputs of the budgetary process should be measurable iii. The effect of the control actions must be predictable iv. The organisation should be able to implement a corrective action throughout the budgetary process. Existence of clear organisation’s objectives Management of public and large private organisations is sometime hard to attain the desired ends. Activities and various operations should be monitored closely and action should be taken in order to achieve the intended objectives. Objectives drive an organisation in pursuing any activity. It dictates what ought to be done at specific period of time. An organisation has objectives and subsidiary objectives that influence its course of actions. Setting clear objectives i s one of the functions of modern management both in private and public sector. Measurement of goal attainment both financially and in terms of meeting demands of stakeholders is paramount. The issue of goal attainment cannot be achieved without confronting the issue of organisation’s effectiveness and efficiency, which means have direct effect on organisation’s budget (Bunce et al., 1995). The extent to which clear objectives apply in the context of budgeting As suggested by Otley and Berry (1980), objectives for budgetary process under control must exist; otherwise without them the control process is meaningless to the organisation. Well defined objectives compel an organisation to work without certain resource and time constraints. Most organisations around the world defined their objectives which ought to be achieved within budgeted resources. The objectives act a guide to the utilization of the existing resources as reflected in the budget. The authors further sugg est that the budgeting control process is influenced directly by the objectives to be attained during a specified period of time. It is demeaning for organisation to spend its resources on unbudgeted things since it will undermine the attainment of well defined objectives. Without objectives, the budgeting process will be aimless hence the entire concept of budgetary control becomes inappropriate. As the business operations progresses, an organisation continually monitors the world around and compares its current state with its objectives. Is the organisation in the correct route in respect to its budgeting process? Is its spending within the appropriate budget limit? Is the organisation avoiding resource strain? The objectives helps an organisation makes a budgetary observations by the use of measurable aspects of budget. The outputs of the budgetary process should be measurable Most literature advocate for adoption of performance based budgeting (PBP) as a primary way of attaining efficiency in the management of public resources. The sole aim of this concept is to link performance information with effective management and allocation of public or organisational resources. It emphasizes the significance of singling out measurable outcomes and effectively allocating resources to facilitate the realization of these outcomes. According to Otley

The luncheon Essay Example for Free

The luncheon Essay A friendly intention of taking an friendout to lunch can result in important situations about oneself not experienced in other events. This comes to the forefront in Somerset W. Maughams anecdotal short story The Luncheon. The young protagonist, a writer, learns he should not be too generous for fear of being taken advantage of after feeling humiliated and angry because he took a pretentious woman out to lunch. The elements of structure, vivid imagery, symbols and style help to develop the acquaintances personality and the protagonists feelings from excitement to anger while also delineating to which extent the protagonists perception of things has changed for his own good. Structure is important to the evolution of the protagonists personal feelings. Initially, the protagonists feels flattered and excited that he has been asked by an older woman to take her out to lunch in one of the fanciest and most expensive restaurants in Paris. Although his financial situation worries him, he wants to please his acquaintance. However, when she begins to order many expensive items, he first worries about how he will pay the bill. Then, he feels humiliated for being used to satisfy her expensive food tastes only. Next, her insensitive discourse angers him: I see that youre in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. [the protagonist ate only a mutton chop]. Im sure its a mistake. Why dont you follow my example and just eat one thing? Im sure youd feel ever so much better for it. However, he replies sarcastically, I am only going to eat one thing. Finally, the only solution for him is to not care about her and to be as mean to her as she was to him, whenever possible. His final statement shows that he has had his revenge at last Today she weighs twenty one stone. Vivid imagery and symbols help reveal the protagonists feelings and his acquaintances personality. Several times throughout the story, his acquaintance states, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. The luncheon is symbolic of the concept of the survival of the fittest. On the one hand, his acquaintance possesses a manipulating and insincere personality, while the protagonist is good, kind, and pleasing. As a result, she gets what she wants while the protagonist must pay the price for taking such a person out to lunch because he is a good person. the color white in  the image of her white large teeth and French white wines suggests her cold personality (Jobes 1676). The salmon she eats reveals an abundance in the food items she eats (Jobes 1391) pointing to her extravagant personality. The caviar represents her delicate connoisseur tastes (de Vries 89). Even her age she is forty is significant in that a woman is a devil at forty (de Vries 200), so that it can be concluded she possesses a devilish nature. The symbolic number one in the acquaintances ironic statement, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon possesses several qualities evident of her character. It suggests boldness, consciousness and self-centeredness (Jobes 1209). The latter is the most significant because all she cares about is getting the food she wants. By referring to the head waiter as having a priest-like face and a false face, the protagonist emphasizes his anger about his financial means. In essence, the waiter and the acquaintance are performing rituals and acting on behalf of their best interests. The acquaintance pursues eating while the waiter expects a fine tip. Style, too, confirms the acquaintances personality as well as the protagonists illumination. The protagonist, being a down to earth and honest man is not convinced by her contradictory statements and therefore, doesnt care about her. On the other hand, the protagonists style of speaking is sincere and honest even during his angry moments. At the end when the acquaintance says, Never eat more than one thing for luncheon he emotionally releases himself by retorting, Ill eat nothing for dinner tonight! His second release though less stormy, happens when he complacently says, Today she weighs twenty one stone. These statements confirm he is no longer flattered by her. Style, vivid imagery and symbols as well as structure help develop the protagonists initial child-like feelings of flattery and excitement to disgust and anger due to the unfortunate sequence of events causes by his insensitive acquaintance. These elements also create a cold picture of his acquaintances personality. However, as he realizes what is happening to him during the course of events, he matures. The moral implications behind the short story The Luncheon are the thoughtful steps involved when one  commits oneself to taking a stranger out to lunch. Works Cited De Vries, Ad. Dictionary of symbols and Imagery. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co, 1974. Jobes, Gertrude. Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1962. The Luncheon by W. Somerset Maugham [Maugham, W. Somerset (1977). Collected Short Stories: Volume 1. Penguin Classics, pp. 97-100.

Fishing for Words Essay -- Essays Papers

Fishing for Words â€Å"Give a man a fish; you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish; you have fed him for a lifetime† (http://www.amatecon.com/fish.html). This quote can be applied to illiteracy in America; basically someone illiterate cannot live on their own until they have been taught the basics, reading and writing. According to Kozol’s essay The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society the government, administration, and people of high power live by the beginning of the quote (Kozol, The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society). They help someone illiterate make a living until the person is out of their control. Yet the government, administrations, and society maintain control through illiteracy. Illiteracy is spreading like a plague through modern society. It affects part of our lives in one way or another. The illiteracy rate per capita is alarming especially to see that the numbers are on the rise. Thirteen percent of Colorado adults are illiterate (www.nces.ed.gov). Approximately 4,420,000 people live in Colorado, and if thirteen percent are illiterate, then 54,600 people are illiterate (www.census.gov). Almost one out of every 85 people is illiterate. An illiterate is stereotypically defined as a middle-aged adult who wears scruffy clothes. Yet in reality most illiterate look like every other person wearing jeans and a t-shirt walking down the street. The hardest roadblock for an illiterate is the ability to read. Since an illiterate cannot read or write then the person cannot work. In order to compensate our government has it in their heads that if they give welfare money to someone who is illiterate then they will go and try to learn to read and write. Why is the government’s head on backwards? The only thing that... ...enerations. As it stands, people who are literate in America live by Darwin’s theory of â€Å"Survival of the Fittest.† The strong prey on the weak, just as someone who is literate preys on the illiterate. With the proposed solutions there will be a greater chance of equality amongst the American society. So if America just took one moment to teach the man to fish, there would be an end to illiteracy in America. Works Cited - Give a Man a Fish†¦.Ross Nordeen. June 3, 1999 http://www.amatecon.com/fish.html> - Kozol, Jonathan. â€Å"The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society.† Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. Axelrod and Cooper. 6th ed. Bedford/ St. Martin’s. 2002. 346-352. - National Center for Educational Statistics. www.nces.ed.gov> - United States Census Bureau. < www.census.gov>

Health Module 1st Quarter Essay

Gender and Human Sexuality At the end of the quarter, you should be able to 1. discuss sexuality as an important component of one’s personality. 2. explain the importance and dimensions of human sexuality. 3. analyze the factors that affect one’s attitudes and practices related to sexuality. 4. assess personal health attitudes that may influence sexual behaviour. 5. relates the importance of sexuality to family health. 6. discuss the signs, symptoms, and effects of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). 7. enumerate steps in the prevention and control of STIs. 8. analyze why abstinence is the most effective method for the prevention of HIV and AIDS and other STIs. 9. follow government policies in the prevention and control of HIV and AIDS (RA 8504 or Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act). 10. explain other government efforts in ensuring a clean blood supply to prevent issues and problems related to sexuality (RA 7719 or Blood Services Act of 1994). 11. apply decision-making skills in managing sexually-related issues. Are you ready? You may first consider doing some activities that will brighten you up while expressing your knowledge about sexuality as an important component of one’s personality. A. DIRECTIONS: How much do you know about gender and human sexuality? Find out by answering the following questions. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. What term defines a man or a woman based on biological characteristics? a. sex b. gender c. sexuality d. androgyny 2. Which of the following illustrates gender? a. Miguel loves to cook. b. Marco does not cry in public. c. Hazel has a positive body image. d. Ahmed is attracted to Felicity. 3. What do you call the sets of activities that society considers as appropriate for men and women? a. gender role b. gender identity c. gender equality d. gender sensitivity 4. Why is it important to understand human sexuality? a. We will all be mature adults. b. We have similar sexuality issues. c. There is a specific age for developing one’s sexuality. d. It will help us build a better relationship with ourselves and others. 5. Which characterizes a good decision? a. Easy to make b. Makes your friends happy c. One that your teacher told you to make d. Arrived at after a thoughtful consideration of consequence/s B. DIRECTIONS: Read the following statements. Analyze your personal stand on each item. Write a short explanation why you agree or disagree with it. 1. Teaching is a job for women. 2. Men have no right to cry in public. 3. Both men and women can be police officers. 4. It is the responsibility of both parents to take care of their children. 5. Both the father and the mother should share in meeting the financial needs of the family. C. DIRECTION: Before you start studying the next lesson on human sexuality, you are going to answer the self-inventory test about STI and HIV/AIDS. How familiar are you with STIs HIV AIDS? 1. I have never heard of them or I have heard of them but don’t know what they are. 2. I have some idea what they are, but don’t know why or how they happen. 3. I have a clear idea what they are, but haven’t discussed them. 4. I can explain what they are and how do they occur what they do that may affect family life. Have you made a personal health plan on how to protect yourself from risky sexual behaviour? 1. I have neither planned nor thought about it. 2. I have planned but not thought about it. 3. I have planned but not practiced it. 4. I have both planned and practiced it. D. DIRECTIONS: For each of the following topic, place a check mark in the cell if it describes your experience. Topic/Concept Have read it Have heard it Have seen a TV or movie production Have written a report paper on it STIs HIV/AIDS Abstinence Refusal Skill Blood donation/transfusion E. DIRECTIONS: Fact or Fiction: Are the following statements true or false? Write true or false on the space before the number in order to find out your knowledge in sexually transmitted infections particularly HIV/AIDS. When you finish this module, you will have the opportunity to plan for yourself on how to avoid being infected with HIV/AIDS and live a healthy lifestyle in order to have a healthy relationship with your family. 1. A person can acquire HIV/AIDS from using intravenous syringe used by the infected person 2. Most sexually transmitted infections can be treated and cured without medical attention. 3. If an HIV/AIDS woman gives a normal birth to a child, her child may have a greater chance of being infected too. 4. A person always knows when he or she has a sexually transmitted infection. 5. People who get sexually transmitted infections have a lot of sex partners. 6. All types of sexually transmitted disease can be cured. 7. Parental consent is needed before you are treated for a sexually transmitted disease if you are under 18 years of age 8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infected with a sexually transmitted disease and be able to pass it on to someone else. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time. Lesson 1 – Gender and Human Sexuality At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: 1. discuss sexuality as an important component of one’s personality. 2. explain the importance and dimensions of human sexuality. 3. analyze the factors that affect one’s attitudes and practices related to sexuality. 4. assess personal health attitudes that may influence sexual behaviour. 5. relates the importance of sexuality to family health. LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETS Write your targets on what you expect to learn after reading and accomplishing this learning material. Lesson 1 Gender and Human Sexuality Part I. WHAT TO KNOW Sexuality involves the physical, mental, social, emotional, and ethical dimensions of one’s personality. ACTIVITY # 1 Here is someone who wrote about herself in a poem. Read and analyze how the author wanted to express herself. Sexuality means you have to be aware of yourself better. As you grow older, you will experience a range of social, emotional, and physical changes. As these occur, you need an intensive knowledge on how to deal with your attitudes and behaviour. ACTIVITY # 2 Graffiti You! On a half-size cartolina, write quotations, sayings, slogans, and so on that will describe and reveal your likes, passions, and aspects of your personality. After sharing this in class, you can post it on your bedroom walls and be inspired! A sample has been done below. Sexuality can be best understood through the help of the people around you. ACTIVITY # 3 How I See Myself – How Others See Me Listed below are characteristics which may or may not represent you. Using the icon at the left side, see if you can rate yourself. After you are done, fold the paper in half and ask a classmate to rate you. Extrovert _____ Selfish ____ Confident _____ Aggressive ____ Shy _____ Attractive _____ Good listener ____ Approachable ____ Liked _____ Fun ____ Sincere ____ Irresponsible ____ Kind _____ Dependable ____ Other/s: ______________________ ________________________ Extrovert _____ Selfish ____ Confident _____ Aggressive ____ Shy _____ Attractive _____ Good listener ____ Approachable ____ Liked _____ Fun ____ Sincere ____ Irresponsible ____ Kind _____ Dependable ____ Other/s: ______________________ ________________________ Extrovert ______ Selfish ______ Confident ______ Aggressive ______ Shy ______ Attractive ______ Good listener ______ Approachable ______ Liked ______ Fun ______ Sincere ______ Irresponsible ______ Kind ______ Dependable ______ Other/s: ________________________ ________________________ After accomplishing this task, compare your response with the answers of your classmates regarding your characteristics. Are they the same? Do your classmates see you as you see yourself? Reflect on this matter. Healthy sexuality encompasses the following characteristics: ACTIVITY # 4 Puzzle-Puzzle Fill up the pieces with the words/phrases hat describe your personality. Afterwards, fix the puzzle. What figure have you formed? What picture do you see that comprise the individual’s personality? What do you think will happen if you lack any of these pieces? Below is a diagram showing health attitudes that can influence sexual behaviour. Which of these do you possess? Levelling Off Please read and analyze the following key terms. ACTIVITY # 5 Gender Assumptions 1. giving birth 2. making a living 3. fixing the broken faucet 4. doing household chores 5. helping the children with their homework ACTIVITY # 6 Write the changes that you expect as you mature from a boy/girl to a man/woman. Copy the example figure below and write your own figure in your activity notebook. ACTIVITY # 7 Society Says In your activity notebook, copy the table as shown below and write words or phrases that you associate with the words masculine and feminine. GENDER ROLES MASCULINE Example: breadwinner FEMININE Example: babysitter The aim of education for human sexuality is to develop in a boy the characteristics of the personality belonging to his sex, and in a girl the characteristic of her own sex, thus turning a boy into a mature man and a girl into a mature woman, Using Life Skills to Improve Sexual Health The life skills that are mentioned below will give you the tools to deal with problems both big and small. Assessing your Health means evaluating your well-being periodically. This includes your sexuality. Figure out what you can do to improve your health if it is not as good as it can be. Making Good Decisions means making choices that are healthy and responsible. You must have the courage to make difficult decisions and stick to them. Communicating Effectively. Communication skills help you avoid misunderstanding by expressing your feelings in a healthy way. This means if you listen to what people say, they will want to listen to you as well. Practicing Wellness can be accomplished through information about good sexuality. Setting Goals or aiming for something that will give you a sense of accomplishment. Just be sure to be realistic with your target goal. Refusal Skill is a way to say no to something that you don’t want to do. This skill requires practice. But first, you must feel strongly about what things you want to avoid. Evaluating Media Messages is being able to judge the worth of media messages. It is a big challenge knowing that most media messages are very  convincing ACTIVITY # 8 Give an example of a situation for each of the life skills learned. Explain how you will use each skill in these situations? Write you answer in your activity notebook. Which of the life skills do you feel will be the easiest one for you to use? Which is the most difficult to use? Explain your answer. ACTIVITY # 9 Making Good Decisions In your activity notebook, label the page with the letters D E C I D E vertically. Use the six steps in decision making in going through this activity. 1. Your classmates are going to a party this weekend, this is the first time that you are asked to attend by a friend but then you discern that your parents will not approve it. You don’t want to make your friends angry by not going, but you also don’t want to get in trouble with your parents. Determine what decision you should make. 2. One of your closest friends tells his/her problem and asks for your support. He got his girlfriend pregnant / she got pregnant. How can you show your support and stand firm with the morals that having children should be the choice of matured individuals under the blessing of marriage? The following guide questions may help you decide. Is it safe? Is it legal? Is it healthful? Does it show respect for me and others? Does it follow norms and standards of society? Part II. WHAT TO PROCESS ACTIVITY # 10 Follow the instructions below to help you complete the poem â€Å"I Am† and make it a poem about you. Write this in a whole sheet of paper. Post it in the display area of the classroom. I Am Line 1:I am (write your name). Line 2:I am the child of (write the full names of your parents). Line 3:I am the grandchild of (write the full names of your four grandparents). Line 4:I am the sibling of (write the first names of your brothers and sisters, if any). Line 5:I am the friend of (write the names of a few friends). Line 6:I am (write three descriptive words that describe you). Line 7:I am a (write something that you do well – for example, I am a volleyball player). Line 8:I am a resident of (write the name of the barangay and the city in which you live). Line 9:I am (write your citizenship). ACTIVITY # 11 Dealing with People We all encounter people in our lives. Here are some descriptions of people. In your activity notebook, jot down some positive ways of dealing with each type of personality. 1. Show off (people who would like to be the center of attraction whenever possible). 2. Worriers (people who worry about everything). 3. Gossips (people who spread rumors and often exaggerate information). 4. Bullies (people who use threats, fear, and cruelty to control others). 5. Whiners (people who grumble and complain about everything). ACTIVITY # 12 How Well Do I Know Myself On your activity sheet, trace your left and right hand on each side of the paper. Each finger represents a characteristic of a healthy sexuality. ACTIVITY # 13 Male versus Female In your activity notebook, copy the Venn diagram as shown below. Write the roles played by male and female in the space provided. In the space where the two circles meet, write the common roles played by both. Where they don’t join, write their specific roles. Choose the specific roles from the box below. MALE FEMALE Part III. WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND You can reflect and understand better your personality by accomplishing the activity below. ACTIVITY # 14 Read and reflect on the article below. ACTIVITY # 15 Role Play To better analyze the factors that affect the attitudes and practices related to human sexuality, you are going to internalize a given character. Gather your classmates, group yourselves into five (5). Each member of the group will assume the role of any of the following: 1. one who grew up in a very religious family 2. one who was raised by authoritative parents 3. one who has been strongly influenced by media 4. one who has good friends from the opposite sex 5. One who has been educated in an exclusive school You are given ten (10) minutes to prepare a short skit. Each group shall present the skit in two (2) minutes. After the presentation, analyze the factors that shape the sexual attitudes of the various characters. Answer the following questions. Use them as your guides. What are the factors that shape our sexual attitudes? How do these factors positively or negatively affect our sexual attitudes? What can we do to maximize the negative effect of these factors on our sexual attitudes? Rate yourselves accordingly using the rubrics below. CRITERIA ADVANCE (20) PROFICIENT (15) APPROACHING PROFICIENT (10) DEVELOPING (5) Work Attitude (cooperative with the group) Always cooperative and focused on task during group work and presentation. Usually cooperative and focused on task during group work and presentation. Sometimes cooperative and focused on task during group work and presentation. Rarely cooperative and focused on task during group work and presentation. Presentation of Character Convincing in communicating character’s feelings, situation and motives. Competent in communicating character’s feelings, situations and motives. Adequate in communicating character’s feelings, situation and motives. Limited in communicating character’s feelings, situation and motives. Relevance of the actions Actions are clearly established and effectively sustained. Actions are clearly established and generally sustained. Actions are established but may not be sustained. Actions are vaguely established and may not be sustained. Use of Non-Verbal Cues (voice, gestures, eye contact ) Impressive variety of non-verbal cues is used in an exemplary way. Good variety of non-verbal cues is used in a competent way. Satisfactory variety of non-verbal cues is used in an acceptable way. Limited variety of non-verbal cues is used in a developing way. Imagination, Creativity, and Choices Demonstrate insight that powerfully enhance role play Choices Demonstrate thoughtfulness that completely enhances role play. Choices Demonstrate awareness that acceptably enhance role play. Choices demonstrate little awareness and do little to enhance role play. Congratulations! You did a great job! Please refer to the boxed entries for you to assess how you fare in Activity # 15. Education for human sexuality deals with the formation of virtuous habits right attitudes integration of positive values ACTIVITY # 16 For each factor listed below, provide examples of how this factor affects your sexual attitudes and behaviors. Write your answer in your activity notebook. A.1. Family. Family values oftentimes determine your own values. Describe how your family affects your values regarding human sexuality. A.2. Culture. Filipinos living in different regions have diverse cultures and beliefs. Your cultural background can affect your values regarding sexuality, along with the norms and standards set by society. Describe how your culture affects your human sexuality. 3. Peers. Like your family, your friends can also have a significant impact on your views on human sexuality. Describe how your friends affect your human sexuality. 4. Media. The media plays a significant role in our lives as we regularly watch televisions, listen to radio, search the internet, read newspapers, etc. Describe how media affects your human sexuality. ACTIVITY # 17 Analyze Media Message Think of a commercial and write how men and women are being portrayed. Then, respond to the following: What is the commercial all about? What messages were presented about being a man or a woman? Is the information real and accurate? Why or why not? boys and girls are given the impression of men being superior to women. In as much as we would like to practice gender equality, the rules for human conduct and human appropriateness are not alike for both sexes as practiced in most areas in the Philippines. This is likely shown in the examples below: A. Boys and men are permitted to stay out more and up to a later time than the girls and women. B. A philandering or immoral man is considered as demonstrating his manliness or â€Å"pagkalalaki†. A philandering or immoral woman is considered as cheap, bad, or â€Å"masamang babae†. C. Women are expected to remain virginal until they marry, while it is generally acceptable for men to have sexual experience before marriage. D. Women are socially judged and legally penalized for adultery and for having children out of wedlock. E. Men who stay at home to do household chores instead of having jobs to earn money for the family are considered by some as â€Å"under ‘d saya.† ACTIVITY # 18 In your activity notebook, answer the following questions: 1. What is your stand on double standard of morality? 2. How can we possibly eliminate the double standard of morality? VIRGINITY a virgin is a person who has not had sexual interaction. ACTIVITY # 19 My Abstinence Bag Abstinence is the best decision one can make in safeguarding sexual health. In this activity, list five items that you value most in life and will help you say no to unhealthful practices. Explain how this item can encourage you to make right decisions. For example, putting a family picture in my abstinence bag can remind me of how I value my loved ones and how I would like to make them proud of my achievements. ACTIVITY # 20 In your activity notebook, answer the following questions: a.i.1. Do you believe that virginity is important for both boys and girls? Why? a.i.2. What are your attitudes and standards towards virginity? Compare it with the norms and standards set by society. Does it confirm? a.i.3. How do you value virginity? Part IV. WHAT TO TRANSFER ACTIVITY # 21 What Do You Value? Values are qualities or conditions that are important to a person. Complete this survey by determining what you value in yourself. In your activity notebook, tick on the appropriate box based on the importance you assign to each attribute. Not Important Important Very Important 1. To be respected by my parents. 2. To be respected by my friends. 3. To have a positive image of myself. 4. To have lots of friends. 5. To do well in school. 6. To give and receive love. 7. To stay virgin until marriage. 8. To build healthy relationships with members of both sexes. 9. To appreciate sexuality as factor of personality. 10. To make intelligent decisions concerning sexual behaviour. After completing this survey, what observations can you make about your values? ACTIVITY # 16 ACTIVITY# 22 Visualize & Learn! a. You will be given five minutes to close your eyes and imagine a scenario in the past where kings and queens once lived. Imagine you are the king (if male) or queen (if female). The queen is captured and needs recuing from her captors. The king assumes the conventional role of a brave king who rescues his queen, while the queen takes on the role of a meek and mild queen who needs looking after. b. Visualize a scenario of a typical Filipino family. Analyze and enumerate the roles being played by the male members of the family (grandfather, father, male siblings) and the female members of the family (grandmother,  mother, female siblings). Does it conform to the norms set by the society? ACTIVITY # 22 Critical Thinking Let us try to connect our lesson to current issues in our country. ACTIVITY # 23 Watch and Relax! This is your opportunity to show your understanding of gender role in the media. Choose a movie or a television show which you believe has gender role labels in it and you must deconstruct and analyze. Extract any gender-biased content. Recreate one of the scenes of the film by submitting a script of your own for this scene. Write a reflection on why you think the gender role depiction in media must be addressed. ACTIVITY # 24 K W A Chart In your activity notebook, copy the table as shown. List your top five (5) issues concerning sexuality regarding what you know, what you want to learn, and what you have learned. Give a brief explanation of your answer. Sexuality Issue What I Know What I Learned How I Will Apply (the concept/skill learned) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Human sexuality is the totality of being a man or being a woman. It includes everything that makes you a male or a female – your ideas, behavior, feelings and judgements. ACTIVITY #25 As you analyze the significance of sexuality to family health, ask yourself the following questions: Do I periodically evaluate my sexual health? Am I making good decisions? Am I setting and meeting my goals? Do I use refusal skills when I need to? Am I communicating my feelings and expectations? Do I compare and evaluate media messages as to the norms and standards of society SUMMARY Think back on something that you have learned from this Learning Materials. Reflect on the following questions and then write your answers on the box. 1) What did you learn? 2) How did you go about learning the lesson? 3) Why did you choose to learn it? 4) What/Who helped you learn it? 5) What hindered your learning? 6) How did you know that you had learned it? LEARNING MODULE FOR HEALTH – GRADE 8 QUARTER 1 Family Health Module 1 Issues and Problems Related to Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infections (with emphasis on HIV/AIDS ) Government Policies and Republic Act No. 8504 and 7719 Introduction: After learning about human sexuality and gender, you will now be introduced to the nature and prevention of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Sexually-transmitted Infection (STI) is a communicable disease that is spread from person to person through sexual contact. Despite the efforts of government and civil society, the incidence of STIs particularly HIV/AIDS continues to increase. Thus, it poses a serious threat to Filipinos especially to young people like you. According to the Department of Health’s Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, we had already exceeded the 10 thousand mark in HIV infections since 1984 when the disease was first documented in the country. More than a thousand of these already developed into full-blown AIDS. Sexually-transmitted infection is preventable. The first step is to remain sexually abstinent until marriage. Next is to obtain accurate information about these diseases and recognize inaccurate information. Third is to enhance life skills. By knowing how to make decisions and practice refusal skills you can never go wrong in safeguarding your health. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module you will learn to 1. Discuss the signs, symptoms and effects of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS) 2. Identify and analyze steps in the prevention and control of STIs 3. Realize why abstinence is the only sure way to avoid sexually transmitted infections particularly HIV/AIDS 4. Follow government policies in the prevention and control of HIV and AIDS (RA 8504 or Philippine AIDS prevention and control Act) 5. Explain other government efforts in ensuring a clean blood supply to prevent issues and problems related to sexuality. 6. Applies decision-making skills in managing sexuality related issues. This time you will answer the following pre assessment activity. This is non-graded test. The purpose is to identify your learning needs. It is important that you answer the items to help you find out what you need to know. PRE-ASSESSMENT A. DIRECTIONS: Before you start studying the next lesson on human sexuality, you are going to answer the self-inventory test about STI and HIV/AIDS. How familiar are you with STIs HIV/AIDS? 1. I have never heard of them or I have heard of them but don’t know what they are. 2. I have some idea what they are, but don’t know why or how they happen. 3. I have a clear idea what they are, but haven’t discussed them. 4. I can explain what they are and how they occur, what they do that may affect family life. Have you made a personal health plan on how to protect yourself from risky sexual behaviour? 1. I have neither planned nor thought about it. 2. I have planned but not thought about it. 3. I have planned but not practiced it. 4. I have both planned and practiced it. B. DIRECTIONS: For each of the following topic, place a check mark in the cell if it describes your experience. Topic/Concept Have read it Have heard it Have seen a TV or movie production Have written a report paper on it STIs HIV/AIDS Abstinence Refusal Skill Blood donation/transfusion C. DIRECTIONS: Fact or Fiction: Are the following statements true or false? Write true or false on the space before the number in order to find out your knowledge in sexually transmitted infections particularly HIV/ AIDS. When you finish this module, you have to plan on how you can avoid being infected with HIV/AIDS and live a healthy lifestyle in order to have a healthy relationship with your family. 1. A person can acquire HIV/ AIDS from using intravenous syringe used by the infected person 2. Most sexually transmitted infections can be treated and cured without medical attention. 3. If an HIV/AIDS woman gives a normal birth to a child, her child may have a greater chance of being infected too. 4. A person always knows when he or she has a sexually transmitted infection. 5. People who get sexually transmitted infections have a lot of sex partners. 6. All types of sexually transmitted disease can be cured. 7. Parental consent is needed before you are treated for a sexually  transmitted disease if you are under 18 years of age 8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infected with a sexually transmitted disease and be able to pass it on to someone else. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time. Check if your answers are correct. What you will do! Learning Goals and target Read the questions below and fill out the column in my response column Write your answer in your activity notebook. What? / So What?/ Now What? Strategy: My response What: What I want to know about the topic? What behavior I would like to change or improve to have a healthy sexual behaviour? What steps are involved to accomplish this healthy sexual behavior? So what: Why is this important? What does it mean to me? How does knowing about this information change my thinking? What other ideas in human sexuality do I have or connections can I make to STIs and HIV/AIDS? Now what: What are the implications human sexuality to a healthy family life? What am I going to do or apply to protect and promote healthy sexuality? What measures will I do to prevent HIV/AIDS? Just enjoy and have fun in learning! Your teacher will help and guide you as you walk through your learning journey. Part I. WHAT TO KNOW Are you ready? What is STIs? Sexually-transmitted infection or STI, also known as sexually-transmitted disease (STD) is a communicable disease that is spread by a pathogen (disease-causing organism) from one person to another person through sexual contact. A person who has a sexual relationship with someone who is infected can get one or more of these diseases. STIs are transmitted through an exchange of bodily fluids during sexual intercourse. These infections are commonly caused by bacteria and viruses. Some STIs can be treated successfully but many STIs such as HIV/AIDS still have no cure. The good news is, all STIs can be prevented. Symptoms of STIs depend on the type of infections. Common symptoms include discharge from the genitals, warts, blisters or sores in the genital area, a rash, painful urination, or flu- like symptoms. Some STIs don’t have any signs or symptoms. In fact one of every 10 people can have STIs but be asymptomatic. These people are carriers and are very dangerous because they can transmit an infection without even knowing it. . The only certain way to prevent/to keep from catching these diseases is by abstinence. Sexual abstinence is the deliberate choice to refrain from all sexual activity Let’s Review 1. What is a sexually transmitted infection? 2. What is abstinence, and why is abstinence the only certain way to prevent STIs? Knowing About STIs Teens are the age group most likely to get STIs that is why it is important for teens to learn about STIs Study the table below and identify sexually transmitted infections. Make a summary and identify the major ways on how to prevent sexually transmitted infections. COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AIDS Chlamydia Genital herpes Gonorrhea Syphilis Pathogen (causative agent) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Chlamydia Trachomatis bacterium Herpes Simplex-2 Virus Neisseria gonorrhoea bacterium Treponema Pallidum bacterium Long term effects Immune systems failure, severe illness leading to death,8-10 years to see signs of infection, infection of infants leading to death In women, pelvic inflammation with abdominal pain, fever, menstrual bleeding, ectopic pregnancy In men, enlarged lymph glands of the groin, infection of the  testicles. Infection during birth can cause blindness or illness in newborn If left untreated, it may cause cervical cancer in women and cause deformities in unborn babies Sterility, liver disease, testicular disease, infection of heart lining, eye infections for newborn leading to blindness If left untreated, mental illness, heart and kidney damage, and death may result Prevention measures Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous drugs Abstinence from sexual intercourse Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous drugs Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous drugs Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from se of intravenous drugs What are HIV and AIDS? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal communicable disease with no effective treatment or known cure. It is the final stage of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When HIV enters the body it attacks the body’s immune system. Thus, the body becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections or diseases that develop when the body’s defense system becomes weak. Among these infections are Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare but deadly type of skin cancer, recurrent pneumonia, and toxoplasmosis within the brain. Early symptoms of infection with HIV may include a rash, sore throat, fever, and tiredness. Nearly everyone with HIV develops AIDS. People with AIDS cannot fight off diseases that healthy people could easily resist. Because AIDS has no cure, people with AIDS eventually die from one of these diseases. Ways of Acquiring HIV Activity 1. Deal or no deal Let us deal with how HIV AIDS can be transmitted from one person to another. The following chart lists ways of acquiring HIV. If the manner is false, put an X on the No Column meaning no deal, but if the manner is an actual way of acquiring HIV put an X in the Yes Column meaning we need to deal it. Ways of Acquiring HIV Yes No 1. Breastfeeding . 2. Handshaking 3. Sharing the eating utensils with someone infected with HIV. 4 . Donating blood with Red Cross 5.Selling blood in blood banks 6. Someone who has HIV who cough and sneeze near you. 7.Hugging someone with HIV 8. Having unprotected intercourse with someone with HIV 9. Sharing contaminated syringes, needles or other sharp instruments with someone infected by HIV 10.Receiving transfusion of blood infected with HIV 11.Sitting in the toilet seat used by the HIV patient 12. Mosquito bites 13. Tattooing using an infected needle 14.Swimming with an HIV infected person 15. Wearing clothes of an infected person 16. Ear and Body piercing with an infected needle HIV must enter into the person’s bloodstream to infect the person. HIV has been found in many body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk of infected person. Which items have you already known and been informed about how HIV/AIDS can be acquired? Have you heard of other ways AIDs can /can’t be transmitted or not transmitted? How can you correct misconceptions? Check your answer. Your teacher will help you analyze the responses . Make a generalization on how a person can acquire HIV AIDS. I learned that HIV can be transmitted by ___________ I learned that HIV cannot be transmitted by_________________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 Activity 2 REDUCING THE RISK OF HIV In small groups, brainstorm on how HIV can be transmitted and then create a chart or web to illustrate it. For each method of transmission, you and your partners will list at least three ways to reduce one’s risk of exposure to HIV. A sample chart appears below. Groups share their charts/webs and discuss. Mode of Transmission Ways to prevent and control Sexual Contact (Infected Body Fluids, Blood . Semen). ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Injecting drug and sharing infected needles ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Maternal transference (Mother to baby during pregnancy) ________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Activity 3 Good Reasons for Abstinence A. DEFINING ABSTINENCE How will you define abstinence? Have you experience giving up one thing in your life in one-week period? Try this with a partner or classmate. Choose one or two from the activityies. 1. You will refrain from any of the following activity- watching television, not eating a particular food, or not playing a particular game or sport for the entire one-week period. 2. During that time, you will keep a diary of your feelings and attitudes about being â€Å"abstinent.† 3. After a week is up, you and some of your classmates will meet in small groups and share your feelings and discoveries. Answer the following questions in your small group.: a. How hard was it to abstain for the entire week? b. Did it get more or less difficult as the week went by? Explain. c. Did friends or family members try to tempt you during the time period? d. How did you handle the pressure? Abstinence is _____________________________________________. Now what is sexual abstinence? How can sexual abstinence keep a person from getting pregnant and protect them from STIs HIV AIDS? Some people choose abstinence for other reasons as well. Read the article and use the information in the article to complete the chart that follows. Remember to copy the chart in your activity notebook and fill it with required entries. There is an increasing number of young people being infected with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or for every 10 cases 1 is a child. The most serious of these diseases is AIDS Activity 4 Name Reason for choosing abstinence Your name______ (Your thoughts concerning this reason) Marta Jonathan Peter and Joanna Racquel Noemi Reducing the Risks of Sexually Transmitted Infections Rubric for your Activity 2 and 4 4 3 2 1 Points Explanation Complete response with detailed explanation Good Response With clear explanation Explanation is not clear Misses key points Demonstrated Knowledge Shows complete understanding of the question Shows substantial understanding Response shows some understanding Response shoes lack of understanding Sensible opinions Complete response with bright opinion Meets the sensible opinion Hardly makes sensible opinion Does not meet sensible opinions Total points YOU ARE PROTECTED!!! Government Policies in the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS and other STIs Republic Act No. 8504 also known as Philippine AIDS Law Government efforts in ensuring a clean blood supply to prevent issues and Problems related to sexuality (RA 7719) or the Blood Services Act of 1994) Let’s Appreciate What is the government doing to protect the health of the Family in terms of STIs HIV AIDS? How are you protected in case of blood donation and blood transfusion? Here’s more†¦. Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion? How does it feel? There is a law that covers the proper ways to give and receive blood services. PART II. WHAT TO PROCESS Activity 1 Let’s Think Critically Reflect on the following focused points and write your ideas in your activity notebook 1. Analysis: How can good general health practices be healthful in preventing STIs. 2. Only two strategies if practiced consistently reduced the risk of STIs to zero. Name the steps in the prevention and control of STIs particularly HIV/AIDs 3. Analyze why sexual abstinence is the most effective method for the prevention of HIV/ AIDS and other STIs. Activity 2. Life Skills in Action Common Sense and Good judgment are powerful strategies to prevent and control STI HIV AIDs. Think about this 1. How does alcohol affect the persons judgment in making responsible sexual behavior? 2. Why do we need to practice saying NO to behaviors that are risky to your sexuality? 3. Explain how you can practice refusal skills to prevent and control STI HIV/AIDS. Activity 3 Tracing the Link The drug, the blood, the alcohol connections to STI HIV AIDS How does it contribute to the transmission of STI HIV AIDS? Read the article below Dr. Jane Perez is a school physician lecturing about STI HIV AIDS in Bangkalan National High School asks the students the following questions: â€Å"How many of you have seen the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages or have read the effects of taking dangerous l drugs? â€Å"What is the danger of using shared syringe in cases of blood transfusion? â€Å" â€Å"What are the possible harmful effects to people being tattooed using needles? â€Å" Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion? She received varied responses, and she continued asking them to see a strong links or connection in the prevalence of STI HIV/AIDS. What are the connections of alcohol, drug abuse, blood donation and transfusion to STI and HIV/AIDS? Can you give your response? Write your answer on the space provided and discuss your answer with your classmates. 1. How can drinking alcohol leads to STI HIV ? _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2. What are the dangers of using shared needles in tattooing, or shared syringe in injecting drugs? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion? How does it feel? There is a law that covers the proper ways to give and receive blood services. It is RA 7719 or the Blood Services act of 1994. What is Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719 )? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Why is it important that blood donors be qualified to donate blood? Can you relate this law to STI and HIV/AIDS protection and prevention? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Day Eight PART III. WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND These are activities you will do to help you acquire adequate and significant information about this topic. It is important that you clarify ideas about the lesson. You are going to watch an interactive video and video news episode about HIV AIDS incidence in the Philippines this will help you and be aware of the Activity 1 Interactive Video a. Visit the web sites and collect materials and Fact sheets about STI HIV / AIDS. b. View some video clips on HIV updates in the Philippines like Kapuso mo Jessica Sojo www.you tube.com c. The â€Å"Power of You† by the DEP ED -UNICEF Activity 2: Investigative Reporting HIV/AIDS Visit your school clinic or barangay health center. Interview a health personnel about HIV/AIDS using the following guide questions: What is HIV? What is AIDS? What are the signs and symptoms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) How can HIV/AIDS be spread from one person to another person? What are the effects of HIV/AIDS to our body? How can HIV and AIDS be prevented? Report the information that you have gathered in class. Compare this with what you already learned in class. Activity 3 I Believe After the activity you can make a compilation of facts and information about HIV / AIDS. Be ready to make an advocacy campaign about preventing HIV /AIDS. You need to be heard and speak out on the topic† HOW can I be safe from HIV / AIDS.† Tell the class what you believe Activity 4 Just Say NO! How to say no and remain friendly to someone you like? Is it difficult for you to refuse? If somebody ask you to do risky behavior like drinking and smoking or even doing pre-marital sex , how will you refuse? Throughout life you are likely to meet people who will persuade you to do things you do not want to do. How do you say no and still remain friendly with someone you like? Is it difficult for you to refuse? If somebody asks you to do risky behavior like drinking and smoking or even do pre-marital sex, how will you refuse? The ability to say NO to unhealthful practices is called Refusal Skills. The following are the different ways of saying NO to things that you don’t want to do. Technique of saying NO The Response Whats Your Response? Maintain eye contact and say NO firmly Person A: Do you want to smoke cigarette Person B: NO,( firmly) ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Be true to yourself and to your belief. Give reasons for saying NO Person A: Do you want to be my drinking buddy? Person B: NO ! I love my body. I don’t want to die young. ___________________________________ ____________________________________ Walk away or avoid the situation If you know that the group are doing risky sexual behavior that you don’t want to do or join, then JUST don’t GO ____________________________________ Change the subject Try suggesting something better to do with your time, Person B: Let’s smoke. Person A: I think it would be better if we eat instead. ________________________________________________________________-______ Match verbal with non-verbal communication Shake your head and say NO ! _________________________________________________________________ Give your personal Conclusion: Internalize how you will firmly refuse an offer to engage in risky behavior For more skills on Refusal Skills Visit http://www.thecoolspot.gov/index.asp Activity 5 Role-play the following situation showing how you can express feeling or thought on resisting pressures using refusal skills. Practice with your friend. 1. A friend inviting you to drink alcohol after school 2. Ramon told you to cut classes so you can attend a birthday party. 3. Carmen invited you to try smoking. Activity 6. Check it out: 1. Find out what government agencies are responsible for educating the public about HIV/ AIDS in our country. List them in your notebook and write their specific task/s. 2. How does the government protect the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS? 3. What services are available for people living with HIV/AIDS? How can they avail of these services? 4. What will be your behavior toward a person with HIV/AIDS? What will you tell her/him? SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT Answer the summative test before you proceed . PART IV. WHAT TO TRANSFER Activity 1 Let us apply what have you learn. Design a poster that tells teenager on how to avoid STIs and HIV/AIDs using Abstinence and Refusal Skill. Activity 2 Applying Health Knowledge 1. Design a booklet or a health journal entitled â€Å"STI and HIV/ AIDS ALERT† that summarizes the major points presented in the lesson. 2. What steps should public health agencies take to further control the spread of STI and HIV/AIDS? 3. As a teenager, how will you avoid being infected by this disease? 4. You will need parental involvement. Ask your parent or another adult at home how they learned about blood donation, STIs and AIDS/HIV. Ask them about the accuracy of the information. Seek advice from your parents on how you can prevent being infected by HIV/ AIDS 5. Community Involvement. Find out what kind of services are available to help people who have HIV/AIDs in your community. Look also in your community measures they are doing in relation to Blood donations. Prepare a report to share your findings with your classmates Activity 3 Thinking Critically 1. Application. Develop a law of your own that you think would be effective in the prevention and control of STIs HIV/AIDS. Explain your thinking. 2. Application. The only known way to prevent a kind of STI is to abstain from sexual contact. What strategies can you suggest that would be effective in telling this concept to teens who are already sexually active? Are you ready to answer the following questions? Activity 4 Critical thinking Imagine that you have a chance making solutions on how to decrease the number of HIV/ AIDS in our country, what are the three things that you will do? 1. Write all your answers in your health journal. 2. Post your decisions in the form of sticker messages on the bulletin board or in any display board 3. Suggest activities for you and your class to decide. a. You may want to present a theater presentation on how you will prevent and Protect yourself from contacting STIs and HIV/AIDS b. Organize a Parent’s forum on STI and HIV/AIDS. Invite your teachers, and parents to this information campaign. c. Start a students’ advocacy campaign on how teenagers can be protected from HIV AIDS Independent Study Activity 5 Check yourself. Reflect and Understand After you complete the guided practice review and answer the questions below to review what you have learned 1. In your own words, can you give the difference between HIV and AIDS. 2. What are the four ways that HIV can be passed from one person to another person? 3. If you become HIV positive, what will you do to prevent AIDS? And what will you do to live longer? 4. AIDS is not curable but it is preventable. What are the best methods of prevention? 5. Name two ways teenagers can do to reduce the risk of HIV infection. 6. How can using alcohol and illegal drugs increase a person’s risk of having HIV infection? Use the chart below in answering the items SUMMARY Think back on something that you learned on this Learning Materials. Reflect on the following questions and then write your answers on the box. 1) What did you learn? 2) How did you go about learning the lesson? 3) Why did you choose to learn it? 4) What/Who helped you learn it? 5) What hindered your learning? 6) How did you know that you had learned it? Supplemental Readings RA 8504 OR THE PHILIPPINE AIDS LAW OR THE PHILIPPINE AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT. Article1 The Government must promote education and information campaigns. Schools and non-formal education programs must include HIV/ AIDS education. The DOH must conduct public health education campaigns. The government must provide education for Filipinos going abroad. Employers, working with DOLE must develop workplace education and safety. The Department of Tourism must provide education for tourists and transients. LGUs must develop local HIV prevention and education efforts. Accurate information about prophylactics will be provided. It is against the law to give false or intentionally misleading information on HIV/AIDS. Article 2 The Government will develop and promote safe medical practices All blood, organs, and tissue for donation will be tested. If it tests positive, it will be disposed of safely, and not used. The DOH will provide guidelines on safe surgery and medical procedures. Article 3 The Government will provide appropriate confidential HIV testing. HIV testing can only be done with the consent of the person tested. The DOH will provide anonymous HIV testing Counselling will be conducted before and after testing The DOH will make adequate and affordable HIV testing available in all of the barangays in the Philippines. Article 4 The Government will ensure adequate health and support services for people with HIV. Hospitals will provide adequate care for persons with HIV. LGUs must provide community-based prevention and care efforts. Livelihood efforts will be made available for people with HIV. The DOH is to do STD prevention and control efforts. The DOH is to make sure that health insurance is available to people with HIV. Article 5 The Government will monitor HIV/AIDS The Government will establish an AIDSWATCH council. Reporting procedures will be developed to track HIV rates, while respecting client confidentiality. Contract tracing is permitted provided confidentiality is not breached. Article 6 Confidentiality will be protected on HIV status. All healthcare workers and anyone handling health records will strictly preserve patient confidentiality on HIV status, and the identity of people with HIV. HIV status can be shared by health officials in three circumstances; officials of the AIDSWATCH council, health workers who are involved in treatment and need to know for their own safety, and a judge if under subpoena for an official court case. HIV results may be given to the person tested, an official of the AIDSWATCH council, and a parent or guardian. It cannot be given to anyone else. Legal penalties can be provided for breaching confidentiality. People with HIV must inform spouses and sex partners as soon as reasonably possible. Article 7 Discrimination against people with HIV is illegal. Employers cannot discriminate in hiring, firing, promoting, or assigning based on actual or suspected HIV status. Schools are not allowed to refuse admission, punish students, or deny participation in activities based on real or perceived HIV status. A person with HIV has the legal right to travel, live, and lodge with the same freedom as any other citizen. Quarantines and other restrictions are illegal. A person with HIV has every legal right to seek public office. Credit services cannot be denied based on HIV status. Insurance cannot be refused based on HIV status, provided the person does not lie about their HIV status. Hospitals can health services cannot refuse treatment or discriminate based on HIV status. Decent burials cannot be denied based on HIV status. Legal penalties for discrimination will be enforced. Article 8 The government will establish a Philippine National AIDS Council This council will be responsible for implementing the act and conducting all national AIDS performances.